register_globals = Off

allow_url_fopen = Off in php.ini

open_basedir = /var/www/htdocs/files

safe_mode = Off
Enable Acess to Group safe_mode_gid = On
Allow binary execution from directory safe_mode_exec_dir = /var/www/binaries
Allow Access to environment variables, say starting with PHp
safe_mode_allowed_env_vars = PHP_

Limit Resources
max_execution_time = 30  ; Max script execution time
max_input_time = 60      ; Max time spent parsing input
memory_limit = 16M       ; Max memory used by one script
upload_max_filesize = 2M ; Max upload file size
post_max_size = 8M       ; Max post size

Limit access to certian file name patterns(prevent .inc & .sql files) In Apache conf
<FilesMatch "\.(inc|.*sql|.*~)$">
  Order allow,deny
  Deny from all
</FilesMatch>

Error Message & logging display_errors = Off
log_errors = On

Hide php extension
expose_php = Off

• Debugging suddenly stops working, no wath points, console.log starts giving errors:  Disable & enable console that solves this

InnoDB

MYISAM

-          Good for low write, high read applications, as table level lock happens for write

-          Key_buffer_size should be ¼ th of total RAM

-          .frm(definition structure of table), .MYI(index), .MYD(data) files for all tables in mysql directory

-          Supports INSERT_DELAYED, LOW_PRIORITY, HIGH_PRIORITY – can be used in statements to prioritize statements

-          Supports fulltext search

-          Supports MERGE

-          Disabling of non unique indexes while loading data will help in fast insertion

-          Supports storage formats fixed, dynamic-row, compressed

MERGE

-          provides logical entity that exceeds MYISAM table size

-          logically query on merge acts as query on all inner myisam tables

-          supports select,insert,update,delete. Should specify in create table that inserted item should go to first or last table.

-          MERGE creates .MRG text file

-          CREATE TABLE table_name (id INT ….) ENGINE=MERGE UNION(table1, table2)

-          Increases number file descriptors opened as it opens all underlying tables.

-          It’s slower as it opens multiple indexes.

INNODB

-          Supports transactions.

-          Supports foreign key and referential integrity

-          Innodb_buffer_pool_size should be 80% of total memory

-          Supports auto recovery after crash.

-          Shares same storage space for all tables(unless innodb files per table set), not constrained by file size limitations of OS.

-          Manages query contention by multi versioning & row level locking

-          innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit w0/1/2 to set flushing on every commit/every 1 sec/only db flush on every commit

-          show engine innodb status;

MEMORY

-          Data and indexes are stored in memory, results in faster performance

-          Uses table level locking

-          Data don’t survive after restart.

-          Don’t support TEXT & BLOB

FEDERATED

-          Allows to use tables from other servers & make them available to clients as if tables were its own.

-          COMMENT=mysql://user_name[:password]@host_name[:port]/db_name/table_name should be added to make federated table.

BLACKHOLE

-          Engine discards all the data stored in, but logs in bin_log if enabled.

-          USES; trigger for insertion

-          Uses; verification of syntax

-          Uses; to measure performance of logging;

-          Uses; measure application performance not related to storage.

Normalization

1NF: Each column of table has to be atomic, no set values with in column

2NF: non key columns must depend on entire primary key.

3NF: Non key field should not depend on another non key field

4NF: A record should not contain two or more independent multi valued facts about enity.

SQL QUERY Syntax

CREATE TABLE

Create table table_name ( column definition ) ENGINE=INNODB;

Create table table_name select …. è creates & populates table with contents returned from select

Create table table_name like table è creates empty table

CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE mail SELECT * FROM mail è creates temp table

ALTER TABLE

ADD colmn_name INT NOT NULL

MODIFY id BIGINT

CHANGE old_clmn_name new_clmn_name

t1 RENAME TO t2

RENAME TABLE t1 to t2

DROP TABLE

Drop table if exists no_table;

INDEX

primary kay and unique fields create indexes automatically

ALTER TABLE  ADD INDEX index_name(id) è creates named index

Create index index_name USING btree on table_name (id) è To use btree algorithm for indexing

ALTER TABLE table_name DROP PRIMARY KEY

DROP INDEX ‘primary’ ON t

SHOW INDEX FROM  table_name;

USER VARIABLES

Set @var1=’USA’

PREPARED STATEMENTS

Prepare stmt_name from ‘Select …. Where id =?’;

Execute stmt_name using @variable;

Deallocate stmt_name;

PROCEDURE

Create procedure test_proced()

BEGIN … END

TRIGGER

Create trigger trigger_name Before/after Insert/update/delete On table_name For each row Trigger_stmt

FULL TEXT

SELECT COUNT(*) from kjv WHERE MATCH(vtext) AGAINST('Mizraim');

REGEXP

SELECT name FROM metal WHERE name REGEXP '^[aeiou]|er$';

VARIABLES

Set @var_name = select name;

ANY/ALL

Select ….. where pop > ALL ( select …)

Exists, any , all , any <>

SHOW

SHOW TABLE STATUS LIKE 'mail'\G

SHOW CREATE TABLE mail\G

QUERY CACHE

Query_cache_type=2 (DEMAND)lets u choose SQL_CACHE in the query

Query_cache_size

Server side query prepared statements cannot use query cache

Select status like ‘Qcache%’ == query cache status hits/misses/free memory

Optimizing query

Check slow query log

log-queries-not-using-indexes –enable

-          USE INDEX(P1), to force to use index

-          Analyze table ..

-          Show warnings

For tables that are being accessed frequently

Create separate key cache “set  global city _cache.key_buffer_size=1024; creates city_cache with 1KB size

Cache index world.city in city_cache

Load index into cache worl.cache

-          slect …  PROCEDURE ANALYZE() == will show you optimal values to be used for columns

VIEW

Creat view as

Restrictions: - No temporary views, no triggers,

select statement cannot have – subqueries in where, cannot reference variables stored procedure,

WITH CHECK OPTION – causes condition in the where clause of view definition to be checked when updates attempted.

Information_schema.views  will have information about the view

IMPORT EXPORT

Load data infile file_name into table table_name;

Select * into outfile file_name  from table_name;

Mysqlimport –h host –u user db_name input_file

Mysqlimport db_name file_name

SETTINGS (OPTIMIZATION)

Thread_cache_size nos of extra connections to be kept

Sort_buffer = should be high if lot sorting is used

Table_locks_waited/Table_locks_immediate =  table contention

Show status like ‘Created_tmp%’

Table maintenance

-          check table

-          repair table

-          analyze table

-          mysqlcheck

-          myisamcheck

Backup

-          Binary backup: mysqlhotcopy, InnoDBhotcopy

-          Text Backup: “select  … into outfile”, mysqldump

Binary backup

Lock the table and Cp files .MYI, .MYD and .frm from mysql directory.

Mysql hot copy

COMMANDS/TOOLS

Mysqldumpslow

Mysqlbinlog

myisampack

Mysql

Mysqldump

Mysqlimport

Mysqladmin

Mysqlcheck

Myisamchk

• Must read book "zend php 5 certification study guide" Good thing about this book is it restricts ur reading to topics which are most likely to appear in the exam. Read and re-read this book. Buy it above given link or just search around u will get free pdf download.
• Other helpful books  "php cook book" by oreilly, "php 5 power programming" by oreilly, "PHP 5 Objects, Patterns, and Practice" By Matt Zandstra This is really good book if you want to know about OOP & design patterns but not needed for exam sake. "Pro PHP XML and Web Services" by Robert Richards good for advanced knowldge of xml & web services but over kill for exam.
  
• Online blogs/links  http://www.devshed.com/c/a/Zend/Taking-the-Zend-Certified-PHP-Engineer-Exam-My-Story/,www.zend.com/en/services/certification/php-5-certification/, just search around net you would get many.
• Zend yellow pages  Lists who cleared this exam recently, u may leave private message. For india this is link the Lihttp://www.zend.com/store/education/certification/yellow-pages.php#list-cid=102&firstname=&lastname=&orderby=name&sid=XX&company=&photo_first=&certtype=PHP5&ClientCandidateID=
• Practice test  The Zend PHP Certification Practice Test Book , search around u may get free pdf download.
• Online test  I bought 5 online test pack, better attend few online test before going for exam. most of the questions were repeated in 3rd & 4th online tests so not sure if it makes any sense to go for 10 online test pack.
• How to take exam Contacted zend sales people through https://www.zend.com/en/contact, got $25 rebate and paid money online. Take print out of the voucher & dont forget note down the voucher number before going to test center. May be u can directly go to test center and pay money but not sure just check out with test center.
• Test Centers in india, I had to wait for more than 1and half hours at test  center. https://vss.pearsonvue.com/VSSReports/ActiveIndiaTestingCenters.cfm.

• top : Will show you the current memory and cpu utilization
• ps -aux : Shows the %mem,%cpu  etc consumed by the process, use it with process id to get details of that process only
• vmstat 2 : shows virtual memory statistics for every 2 seconds.
• cat /proc/<pid>/status : Shows you more detailed information about the process
• ipcs -u : Shows shared memory status in segments, semaphores and queues
• systat vmstat 1 : Shows Detailed virtual memory usage(Only in Free BSD).

Move all files from directory $1 to directory $2, and use the xargs -t option to echo each move as it happens:

ls $1 | xargs -I {} -t mv $1/{} $2/{}

The following   example finds the unique owners of all the files in the /bin directory: 

Compress folder Test/ to Test.tar.gz

tar czfv Test.tar.gz Test/
czfv = ‘Compress Zip File Verbose’
If you want bzip files, use ‘j’ instead of ‘z’.

Uncompress Test.tar.gz to folder Test/

tar -xzf Test.tar.gz
x = ‘eXtract’
Again, if you want bzip files, use ‘j’ instead of ‘z’.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tar_(file_format)

Reference
http://txt.binnyva.com/2007/02/command-to-compressuncompress-targz-and-tarbz2-files/